MoltGraph: A Longitudinal Temporal Graph Dataset of Moltbook for Coordinated-Agent Detection

MoltGraph is a longitudinal temporal graph dataset of Moltbook agent interactions with ground-truth coordination labels, capturing heterogeneous interactions, temporal drift, and visibility signals needed to study influence manipulation on AI-native social platforms. It provides the first graph-native dataset for developing and evaluating coordinated inauthentic behavior detection in agent societies.

Abstract

Agent-native social platforms such as Moltbook are rapidly emerging, yet they inherit and amplify classical influence and abuse attacks, where coordinated agents strategically comment and upvote to manipulate visibility and propagate narratives across communities. However, rigorous learning-based monitoring remain constrained by the absence of longitudinal, graph-native datasets for agentic social networks that jointly capture heterogeneous interactions, temporal drift, and visibility signals needed to connect coordination behavior. We present MoltGraph, a temporal heterogeneous graph dataset built from an open-crawling pipeline that continuously ingests agents, submolts, posts, comments, and engagement signals into a unified evolving graph with explicit node/edge lifetimes. MoltGraph spans 30 days and contains 11874 agents, 57465 posts, 101500 comments, and 162024 temporal edges. MoltGraph is a realistic longitudinal agentic social-network graph dataset for studying how agents behave, coordinate, and evolve in the wild, enabling reproducible measurement on emerging multi-agent social ecosystems. Using MoltGraph, we provide the first graph-centric characterization of Moltbook as a dynamic network: (i) heavy-tailed connectivity with power-law exponents in the range α ∈ [1.95, 2.83], (ii) accelerating hub formation and attention centralization where the top 1% agents account for 29.00% of engagements, (iii) bursty, short-lived coordination episodes, 98.33% last under 24 hours, and (iv) measurable exposure effects across submolts. In matched observational analyses, posts receiving coordinated engagement exhibit 506.35 ± 10.75% higher early interaction rates (within H = 5 days) and 242.63 ± 13.45% higher downstream exposure under snapshot-based visibility proxies than matched non-coordinated controls. These exposure signals should be interpreted as conservative lower-bound proxies rather than complete impression logs, and the weak labels used for coordination analysis are not adjudicated ground truth.